Folic acid: Essential for pregnant women to reduce the risk of neural tube defects (e.g., spina bifida and anencephaly) in the developing fetus. Often recommended before conception and during early pregnancy. helps in the production and maturation of red blood cells. Prevents folate-deficiency anemia, characterized by fatigue, weakness, and pallor. Plays a critical role in synthesizing and repairing DNA, supporting cell division and growth. Helps lower levels of homocysteine, an amino acid associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.